All About Certified 312-50v12 Testing Software

NEW QUESTION 1
An attacker identified that a user and an access point are both compatible with WPA2 and WPA3 encryption. The attacker installed a rogue access point with only WPA2 compatibility in the vicinity and forced the victim to go through the WPA2 four-way handshake to get connected. After the connection was established, the attacker used automated tools to crack WPA2-encrypted messages. What is the attack performed in the above scenario?

• A. Timing-based attack
• B. Side-channel attack
• C. Downgrade security attack
• D. Cache-based attack

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 2
Ralph, a professional hacker, targeted Jane, who had recently bought new systems for her company.
After a few days, Ralph contacted Jane while masquerading as a legitimate customer support executive, informing that her systems need to be serviced for proper functioning and that customer support will send a computer technician. Jane promptly replied positively. Ralph entered Jane's company using this opportunity and gathered sensitive information by scanning terminals for passwords, searching for important documents in desks, and rummaging bins. What is the type of attack technique Ralph used on jane?

• A. Dumpster diving
• B. Eavesdropping
• C. Shoulder surfing
• D. impersonation

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 3
Which rootkit is characterized by its function of adding code and/or replacing some of the operating-system kernel code to obscure a backdoor on a system?

• A. User-mode rootkit
• B. Library-level rootkit
• C. Kernel-level rootkit
• D. Hypervisor-level rootkit

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 4
Steven connected his iPhone to a public computer that had been infected by Clark, an attacker. After establishing the connection with the public computer, Steven enabled iTunes WI-FI sync on the computer so that the device could continue communication with that computer even after being physically disconnected. Now, Clark gains access to Steven’s iPhone through the infected computer and is able to monitor and read all of Steven’s activity on the iPhone, even after the device is out of the communication zone.
Which of the following attacks is performed by Clark in above scenario?

• A. IOS trustjacking
• B. lOS Jailbreaking
• C. Exploiting SS7 vulnerability
• D. Man-in-the-disk attack

Answer: A

Explanation:
An iPhone client’s most noticeably terrible bad dream is to have somebody oversee his/her gadget, including the capacity to record and control all action without waiting be in a similar room. In this blog entry, we present another weakness called “Trustjacking”, which permits an aggressor to do precisely that.
This weakness misuses an iOS highlight called iTunes Wi-Fi sync, which permits a client to deal with their iOS gadget without genuinely interfacing it to their PC. A solitary tap by the iOS gadget proprietor when the two are associated with a similar organization permits an assailant to oversee the gadget. Furthermore, we will stroll through past related weaknesses and show the progressions that iPhone has made to alleviate them, and why these are adequately not to forestall comparative assaults.
After interfacing an iOS gadget to another PC, the clients are being found out if they trust the associated PC or not. Deciding to believe the PC permits it to speak with the iOS gadget by means of the standard iTunes APIs.
This permits the PC to get to the photographs on the gadget, perform reinforcement, introduce applications and considerably more, without requiring another affirmation from the client and with no recognizable sign. Besides, this permits enacting the “iTunes Wi-Fi sync” highlight, which makes it conceivable to proceed with this sort of correspondence with the gadget even after it has been detached from the PC, as long as the PC and the iOS gadget are associated with a similar organization. It is intriguing to take note of that empowering “iTunes Wi-Fi sync” doesn’t need the casualty’s endorsement and can be directed simply from the PC side.
Getting a live stream of the gadget’s screen should be possible effectively by consistently requesting screen captures and showing or recording them distantly.
It is imperative to take note of that other than the underlying single purpose of disappointment, approving the vindictive PC, there is no other component that forestalls this proceeded with access. Likewise, there isn’t anything that informs the clients that by approving the PC they permit admittance to their gadget even in the wake of detaching the USB link.

NEW QUESTION 5
Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities In the user accounts on a web server. To thwart evolving attacks, he decided to harden the security of the web server by adopting a countermeasures to secure the accounts on the web server.
Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the web server?

• A. Enable unused default user accounts created during the installation of an OS
• B. Enable all non-interactive accounts that should exist but do not require interactive login
• C. Limit the administrator or toot-level access to the minimum number of users
• D. Retain all unused modules and application extensions

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 6
Attacker Steve targeted an organization's network with the aim of redirecting the company's web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve performed DNS cache poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities In the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a fake website. What is the technique employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft?

• A. Pretexting
• B. Pharming
• C. Wardriving
• D. Skimming

Answer: B

Explanation:
A pharming attacker tries to send a web site’s traffic to a faux website controlled by the offender, typically for the aim of collection sensitive data from victims or putting in malware on their machines. Attacker tend to specialize in making look-alike ecommerce and digital banking websites to reap credentials and payment card data.
Though they share similar goals, pharming uses a special technique from phishing. “Pharming attacker are targeted on manipulating a system, instead of tricking people into reaching to a dangerous web site,” explains David Emm, principal security man of science at Kaspersky. “When either a phishing or pharming attacker is completed by a criminal, they need a similar driving issue to induce victims onto a corrupt location, however the mechanisms during which this is often undertaken are completely different.”

NEW QUESTION 7
what firewall evasion scanning technique make use of a zombie system that has low network activity as well as its fragment identification numbers?

• A. Decoy scanning
• B. Packet fragmentation scanning
• C. Spoof source address scanning
• D. Idle scanning

Answer: D

Explanation:
The idle scan could be a communications protocol port scan technique that consists of causing spoofed packets to a pc to seek out out what services square measure obtainable. this can be accomplished by impersonating another pc whose network traffic is extremely slow or nonexistent (that is, not transmission or receiving information). this might be associate idle pc, known as a “zombie”.
This action are often done through common code network utilities like nmap and hping. The attack involves causing solid packets to a particular machine target in an attempt to seek out distinct characteristics of another zombie machine. The attack is refined as a result of there’s no interaction between the offender pc and also the target: the offender interacts solely with the “zombie” pc.
This exploit functions with 2 functions, as a port scanner and a clerk of sure informatics relationships between machines. The target system interacts with the “zombie” pc and distinction in behavior are often discovered mistreatment totally different|completely different “zombies” with proof of various privileges granted by the target to different computers.
The overall intention behind the idle scan is to “check the port standing whereas remaining utterly invisible to the targeted host.”
The first step in execution associate idle scan is to seek out associate applicable zombie. It must assign informatics ID packets incrementally on a worldwide (rather than per-host it communicates with) basis. It ought to be idle (hence the scan name), as extraneous traffic can raise its informatics ID sequence, confusing the scan logic. The lower the latency between the offender and also the zombie, and between the zombie and also the target, the quicker the scan can proceed.
Note that once a port is open, IPIDs increment by a pair of. Following is that the sequence:
offender to focus on -> SYN, target to zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to focus on -> RST (IPID increment by 1)
currently offender tries to probe zombie for result. offender to Zombie ->SYN/ACK, Zombie to offender
-> RST (IPID increment by 1)
So, during this method IPID increments by a pair of finally.
When associate idle scan is tried, tools (for example nmap) tests the projected zombie and reports any issues with it. If one does not work, attempt another. Enough net hosts square measure vulnerable that zombie candidates are not exhausting to seek out. a standard approach is to easily execute a ping sweep of some network. selecting a network close to your supply address, or close to the target, produces higher results. you’ll be able to attempt associate idle scan mistreatment every obtainable host from the ping sweep results till you discover one that works. As usual, it’s best to raise permission before mistreatment someone’s machines for surprising functions like idle scanning.
Simple network devices typically create nice zombies as a result of {they square measure|they’re} normally each underused (idle) and designed with straightforward network stacks that are susceptible to informatics ID traffic detection.
While distinguishing an acceptable zombie takes some initial work, you’ll be able to keep re-using the nice ones. as an alternative, there are some analysis on utilizing unplanned public internet services as zombie hosts to perform similar idle scans. leverage the approach a number of these services perform departing connections upon user submissions will function some quite poor’s man idle scanning.

NEW QUESTION 8
While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the “dot dot slash” (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder structure of the server. What kind of attack is possible in this scenario?

• A. Cross-site scripting
• B. Denial of service
• C. SQL injection
• D. Directory traversal

Answer: D

Explanation:
Appropriately controlling admittance to web content is significant for running a safe web worker.
Index crossing or Path Traversal is a HTTP assault which permits aggressors to get to limited catalogsand execute orders outside of the web worker’s root registry. Web workers give two primary degrees of security instruments
Access Control Lists (ACLs) Root index
An Access Control List is utilized in the approval cycle. It is a rundown which the web worker’s manager uses to show which clients or gatherings can get to, change or execute specific records on the worker, just as other access rights. The root registry is a particular index on the worker record framework in which the clients are kept.
Clients can’t get to anything over this root.
For instance: the default root registry of IIS on Windows is C:\Inetpub\wwwroot and with this arrangement, a client doesn’t approach C:\Windows yet approaches C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\news and some other indexes and documents under the root catalog (given that the client is confirmed by means of the ACLs).
The root index keeps clients from getting to any documents on the worker, for example, C:\WINDOWS/system32/win.ini on Windows stages and the/and so on/passwd record on Linux/UNIX stages. This weakness can exist either in the web worker programming itself or in the web application code.
To play out a registry crossing assault, all an assailant requires is an internet browser and some information on where to aimlessly discover any default documents and registries on the framework. What an assailant can do if your site is defenseless
With a framework defenseless against index crossing, an aggressor can utilize this weakness to venture out of the root catalog and access different pieces of the record framework. This may enable the assailant to see confined documents, which could give the aggressor more data needed to additional trade off the framework.
Contingent upon how the site access is set up, the aggressor will execute orders by mimicking himself as the client which is related with “the site”. Along these lines everything relies upon what the site client has been offered admittance to in the framework.
Illustration of a Directory Traversal assault by means of web application code In web applications with dynamic pages, input is generally gotten from programs through GET or POST solicitation techniques. Here is an illustration of a HTTP GET demand URL GET http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=oldarchive.html HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com With this URL, the browser requests the dynamic page show.asp from the server and with it also sends the parameter view with the value of oldarchive.html. When this request is executed on the web server, show.asp retrieves the file oldarchive.html from the server’s file system, renders it and then sends it back to the browser which displays it to the user. The attacker would assume that show.asp can retrieve files from the file system and sends the following custom URL.
GET http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=../../../../../Windows/system.ini HTTP/1.1Host: test.webarticles.comThis will cause the dynamic page to retrieve the file system.ini from the file system and display it tothe user. The expression
../ instructs the system to go one directory up which is commonly used as anoperating system directive. The attacker has to guess how many directories he has to go up to findthe Windows folder on the system, but this is easily done by trial and error.
Example of a Directory Traversal attack via web server
Apart from vulnerabilities in the code, even the web server itself can be open to directory traversal attacks. The problem can either be incorporated into the web server software or inside some sample script files left available on the server. The vulnerability has been fixed in the latest versions of web server software, but there are web servers online which are still using older versions of IIS and Apache which might be open to directory traversal attacks. Even though you might be using a web server software version that has fixed this vulnerability, you might still have some sensitive default script directories exposed which are well known to hackers.
For example, a URL request which makes use of the scripts directory of IIS to traverse directories and execute a command can be GET http://server.com/scripts/..%5c../Windows/System32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\ HTTP/1.1 Host: server.com The request would return to the user a list of all files in the C:\ directory by executing the cmd.exe command shell file and run the command dir c:\ in the shell. The %5c expression that is in the URL request is a web server escape code which is used to represent normal characters. In this case %5c represents the character \.
Newer versions of modern web server software check for these escape codes and do not let them through. Some older versions however, do not filter out these codes in the root directory enforcer and will let the attackers execute such commands.

NEW QUESTION 9
The Heartbleed bug was discovered in 2014 and is widely referred to under MITRE’s Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) as CVE-2014-0160. This bug affects the OpenSSL implementation of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols defined in RFC6520.
What type of key does this bug leave exposed to the Internet making exploitation of any compromised system very easy?

• A. Public
• B. Private
• C. Shared
• D. Root

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 10
Bob was recently hired by a medical company after it experienced a major cyber security breach.
Many patients are complaining that their personal medical records are fully exposed on the Internet and someone can find them with a simple Google search. Bob's boss is very worried because of regulations that protect those dat a. Which of the following regulations is mostly violated?

• A. HIPPA/PHl
• B. Pll
• C. PCIDSS
• D. ISO 2002

Answer: A

Explanation:
PHI stands for Protected Health info. The HIPAA Privacy Rule provides federal protections for private health info held by lined entities and provides patients an array of rights with regard to that info. under HIPAA phi is considered to be any identifiable health info that’s used, maintained, stored, or transmitted by a HIPAA-covered entity – a healthcare provider, health plan or health insurer, or a aid clearinghouse – or a business associate of a HIPAA-covered entity, in relation to the availability of aid or payment for aid services.
It is not only past and current medical info that’s considered letter under HIPAA Rules, however also future info concerning medical conditions or physical and mental health related to the provision of care or payment for care. phi is health info in any kind, together with physical records, electronic records, or spoken info.
Therefore, letter includes health records, medical histories, lab check results, and medical bills. basically, all health info is considered letter once it includes individual identifiers. Demographic info is additionally thought of phi underneath HIPAA Rules, as square measure several common identifiers like patient names, Social Security numbers, Driver’s license numbers, insurance details, and birth dates, once they square measure connected with health info.
The eighteen identifiers that create health info letter are: Names
Dates, except year phonephone numbers Geographic information FAX numbers
Social Security numbers Email addresses
case history numbers Account numbers
Health arrange beneficiary numbers Certificate/license numbers
Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers together with license plates Web URLs
Device identifiers and serial numbers net protocol addresses
Full face photos and comparable pictures Biometric identifiers (i.e. retinal scan, fingerprints) Any distinctive identifying variety or code
One or a lot of of those identifiers turns health info into letter, and phi HIPAA Privacy Rule restrictions can then apply that limit uses and disclosures of the data. HIPAA lined entities and their business associates will ought to guarantee applicable technical, physical, and body safeguards are enforced to make sure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of phi as stipulated within the HIPAA
Security Rule.

NEW QUESTION 11
Annie, a cloud security engineer, uses the Docker architecture to employ a client/server model in the application she is working on. She utilizes a component that can process API requests and handle various Docker objects, such as containers, volumes. Images, and networks. What is the component of the Docker architecture used by Annie in the above scenario?

• A. Docker client
• B. Docker objects
• C. Docker daemon
• D. Docker registries

Answer: C

Explanation:
Docker uses a client-server design. The docker client talks to the docker daemon, that will the work of building, running, and distributing your docker containers. The docker client and daemon will run on the same system, otherwise you will connect a docker consumer to a remote docker daemon. The docker consumer and daemon communicate using a REST API, over OS sockets or a network interface.

The docker daemon (dockerd) listens for docker API requests and manages docker objects like pictures, containers, networks, and volumes. A daemon may communicate with other daemons to manage docker services.

NEW QUESTION 12
infecting a system with malware and using phishing to gain credentials to a system or web application are examples of which phase of the ethical hacking methodology?

• A. Reconnaissance
• B. Maintaining access
• C. Scanning
• D. Gaining access

Answer: D

Explanation:
This phase having the hacker uses different techniques and tools to realize maximum data from the system. they’re –• Password cracking – Methods like Bruteforce, dictionary attack, rule-based attack, rainbow table a used. Bruteforce is trying all combinations of the password. Dictionary attack is trying an inventory of meaningful words until the password matches. Rainbow table takes the hash value of the password and compares with pre-computed hash values until a match is discovered.• Password attacks – Passive attacks like wire sniffing, replay attack. Active online attack like Trojans, keyloggers, hash injection, phishing. Offline attacks like pre-computed hash, distributed network and rainbow. Non electronic attack like shoulder surfing, social engineering and dumpster diving.

NEW QUESTION 13
Clark is a professional hacker. He created and configured multiple domains pointing to the same host to switch quickly between the domains and avoid detection. Identify the behavior of the adversary In the above scenario.

• A. use of command-line interface
• B. Data staging
• C. Unspecified proxy activities
• D. Use of DNS tunneling

Answer: C

Explanation:
A proxy server acts as a gateway between you and therefore the internet. It’s an intermediary server separating end users from the websites they browse. Proxy servers provide varying levels of functionality, security, and privacy counting on your use case, needs, or company policy.
If you’re employing a proxy server, internet traffic flows through the proxy server on its thanks to the address you requested. A proxy server is essentially a computer on the web with its own IP address that your computer knows. once you send an internet request, your request goes to the proxy server first. The proxy server then makes your web request on your behalf, collects the response from the online server, and forwards you the online page data so you’ll see the page in your browser.

NEW QUESTION 14
Vlady works in a fishing company where the majority of the employees have very little understanding of IT let alone IT Security. Several information security issues that Vlady often found includes, employees sharing password, writing his/her password on a post it note and stick it to his/her desk, leaving the computer unlocked, didn’t log out from emails or other social media accounts, and etc.
After discussing with his boss, Vlady decided to make some changes to improve the security environment in his company. The first thing that Vlady wanted to do is to make the employees understand the importance of keeping confidential information, such as password, a secret and they should not share it with other persons.
Which of the following steps should be the first thing that Vlady should do to make the employees in his company understand to importance of keeping confidential information a secret?

• A. Warning to those who write password on a post it note and put it on his/her desk
• B. Developing a strict information security policy
• C. Information security awareness training
• D. Conducting a one to one discussion with the other employees about the importance of information security

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 15
An organization has automated the operation of critical infrastructure from a remote location. For this purpose, all the industrial control systems are connected to the Internet. To empower the manufacturing process, ensure the reliability of industrial networks, and reduce downtime and service disruption, the organization deckled to install an OT security tool that further protects against security incidents such as cyber espionage, zero-day attacks, and malware. Which of the following tools must the organization employ to protect its critical infrastructure?

• A. Robotium
• B. BalenaCloud
• C. Flowmon
• D. IntentFuzzer

Answer: C

Explanation:
Source: https://www.flowmon.com
Flowmon empowers manufacturers and utility companies to ensure the reliability of their industrial networks confidently to avoid downtime and disruption of service continuity. This can be achieved by continuous monitoring and anomaly detection so that malfunctioning devices or security incidents, such as cyber espionage, zero-days, or malware, can be reported and remedied as quickly as possible.

NEW QUESTION 16
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